Islamic Education Management in the Digital Era
Abdul Mu’id
1
1
Islamic Institute of Qomaruddin Bungah Gresik Postgraduate Program, East Java.
Keywords: Education Management, Digital Era, Educational Technology Development.
Abstract: Managing the Management of Islamic Higher Education is a breakthrough It is important how the direction
of the development of Islamic Higher Education will be developed. Therefore, in order to develop the
infrastructure of Management in Islamic Higher Education, the function is very important for Campus
Development, lecturers, practitioners, scholars, and prospective future thinkers of the nation who will
pursue and become a pillar in developing the mission and Vision of Islamic Higher Education for achieving
quality education goals in an increasingly sophisticated and modern era of life. For that the Problem of
Higher Education in the Digital Era is very complex. Because the demands of this era of life are fast-paced,
for the Campus, for lecturers and practitioners must master IT technology in order to develop learning
models with systems built in the digital era today. Just imagine if the management of education is destroyed,
it will have an impact on campus stakeholders. Therefore, the study of the management of Islamic Higher
Education in this digital era according to researchers, that higher education institutions without accountable
management, and transparent, then sooner or later the educational institution will be abandoned by its
students. So the important message in this paper is how to organize the management of Islamic higher
education can be better and more modern towards change towards an advanced era.
1 BASIC THOUGHT
MANAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC
EDUCATION DIGITAL ERA
In language, management comes from the word
manage, which means managing, managing,
implementing, managing. Meanwhile, according to
Asnawir, management comes from the word
managio which means management or managiare
which means training in managing steps. If viewed
in language that management implies responsible
active work, not just to organize themselves, but also
contains social elements to provide management
education to others, especially to their subordinates.
From the meaning of the language can be
understood that management is active work, the
opponent is passive. Thus, management is an active
activity to achieve something. If in an organization
there is no continuous and directed active
movement, then the organization does not have good
management. Therefore, managing good
management in an Islamic university is a necessity,
and is a good breakthrough. Mujammil Qomar in his
book which is entitled "Management of Islamic
Education" said that to handle a college can be good
and professional, if in managing The college focuses
on good and serious aspects of management in
managing it, if it wants the quality of a tertiary
institution to become a quality university,
(Mujammil Qomar: 2007: 100).
Furthermore, in mobilizing an organization it
will be difficult to materialize, if in managing the
organization without seriousness and without hard
work, in this vast and vast universe of nature, of
course there are those who regulate it, if no one
regulates it is impossible that nature will run
regularly, directed, neatly arranged. The existence of
nature moving regularly and neatly arranged must
have moved and compiled and controlled it. The one
who regulates and controls it is the Most Arranging
and the Most Terrible, namely Allah Almighty. And
Allah, there is no God but He who lives eternally
continually takes care of (His creatures); not sleepy
and not sleeping. His is what is in the heavens and
what is on the earth. No one can give the faith in
Allah's side without His permission? Allah knows
what is before them and behind them, and they know
nothing of the knowledge of Allah but what He
wants. God's seat covers the heavens and the earth.
and God does not feel heavy caring for both, and
Allah is Most High, Most Great.
Mu’id, A.
Islamic Education Management in the Digital Era.
DOI: 10.5220/0009943123832390
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2383-2390
ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9
Copyright
c
2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
2383
Furthermore, the notion of management
according to many terms is put forward by several
opinions, namely according to Hersey and Blanchard
that management is cooperation through people or
groups to achieve goals. From the quotation, it can
be understood that management is a team work that
strives to realize shared dreams and ideals, shared
ideals and dreams are realized through cooperation
in teams that support each other in the same
organization.
As for Ramayulis' view, management is a process
of utilizing all resources through other people by
collaborating. From this understanding it can be
observed that management always needs other people
in the process of achieving a common goal, meaning
that in management requires others in achieving the
goals. Thus, management requires the cooperation of
more than one person in the framework of the
process of achieving common desires.
From the description it can be understood that
management is a process of active activities with
each other in an organization, an institution in order
to realize the common desires and goals in achieving
goals. Thus the management of higher education is a
process of active cooperation in a higher education
institution in order to achieve the goals of the
educational institution. The collaboration is based on
faith in God, as well as cooperation to reach the
pleasure of Allah, so that all active efforts together
to achieve the goals are carried out and directed in
the frame of faith. Because basically God tells us to
cooperate in goodness and help you in doing good
and piety, and do not help in committing sins and
transgressions, and fear you with Allah. Verily Allah
is very heavy in His punishment, (Al-Maidah: 5: 2).
From the description of the verse, it can be taken
the idea that management in Islamic Higher
Education prioritizes active collaboration with other
people, both in educational institutions and outside
institutions. The collaboration was framed with the
spirit of God's pleasure, the spirit of teamwork to
achieve the goal of Islamic Education with nuances
of divinity. So, Islamic Education Management in
that sense distinguishes it from other management,
because management in Islamic education is based
on the Al-Quran and the Hadith of the Prophet
Muhammad in conducting its operations.
Furthermore, Islamic Higher Education
Management is based on Al-Quran and Hadith. This
basis is a differentiator from other management,
management outside the institution of Islamic
Education is only based on the thinking of the
management leaders and the ideology of the country
where the institution is located. While Islamic
Education management is not related to state
ideology. The irrelevance of Islamic education
management with state ideology because basically
the management of Islamic Education has no direct
connection, because the management of Islamic
Education merges with the values of the teachings of
Islam itself which are based on the teachings of the
Qur'an and Al Hadith.
Thus, the basis of Islamic Education
management will never mix with other management
ideologies, because of the spirit of Islamic Education
management based on the Koran and the Hadith of
the Prophet Muhammad. On the other hand, the
management of Islamic Education prioritizes
mutually beneficial cooperation to achieve a
common goal, because the cooperation is based on
the values of goodness which barometer is the
pleasure of Allah, then it will give birth to the final
value of all the goals of cooperation is none other
than the value of piety on the side Allah SWT. (Hadi
Nur Miftah, et.al: http.//barassayin.blogsport.com).
Then in the era of globalization today or called
the Age of Now, which is marked by various
advances in the field of information technology, and
communication that encourage various changes both
in the world of education and in the world of
management of educational institutions. Macro
changes have driven the acceleration of the
democratization process and equity in learning.
In relation to the development of technology and
the swift flow of information and technology, it will
affect teachers or lecturers who are teaching staff
who are no longer the only source in the learning
process. Nature that is stretched designed or not
designed can be a source of knowledge that is at all
times ready to present whatever students want, or
students. With the advancement of Information and
Communication Technology, there are several things
that we get, namely: First, the faster access to
information, second, communication with various
people not dependent on geography, and third, can
internalize an idea or thought in the form of text,
graphic sounds and images via media e-mail, twitter,
WhatsApp, Instagram, and so on. Looking at the
phenomenon above, education is no longer defined
as a process of transferring knowledge from
educators to students. This definition is very
personals (contact between adults and children is a
limit to the meaning of education), and has now
been abandoned by many people. Education is
revolutionized by learning technology. Where
students have flexibility in learning, whenever they
have to learn, what material must be learned, with
what help they must learn. All are presented like
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2384
mineral water outlets along the way. Likewise with
Islamic education, now there is an era where
education is no longer centered on people or
educators, but more than that we are experiencing
what is called the era of digitalization of education.
The following article tries to give a few snippets
where education has penetrated the digital era that
has been present in front of us. Moreover, how do
we bring our respective universities that have
challenges not getting lighter, but increasingly
heavy, because the challenge is how we manage it
with well.
In connection with the above in this global era,
Muslims live in a modern era filled with challenges
and obstacles. In this era, Muslims are required to
have superior skills, knowledge and experience in
order to compete to seize opportunities. Muslims are
challenged to have a creative, innovative, dynamic,
open, democratic attitude, a high work ethic and a
strong spiritual. Living in this Era, the importance of
equipping yourself with knowledge, skills, IT
management, hard work, diligence and based on
literacy and strong data to develop universities in
order to showcase creativity, collide university
management, so that universities will be able to
compete in the middle of a global life that is fast and
responsive to the situation and conditions in the
millennial and digital era.
To change the direction of progress, there is a
series of activities in the form of management
processes of PT. in a collaborative effort of a group
of people who are members of the educational
organization, to achieve the educational goals that
have been set beforehand, in order to achieve the
objectives of an effective and efficient Education
Management (http: // dictionbahasaindonesia.org /
management: March 3, 2016).
The Mujamil Qomar interpreted the management
of Islamic education as a process of managing
Islamic Islamic education institutions by dealing
with learning resources and other matters related to
achieving the objectives of Islamic education
effectively and efficiently (Mujamil Qomar, 2007:
10). This understanding is specifically specified by
Muhaimin that Islamic education at least breathes
two important things, namely an educational activity
held with an intention that has manifestations of
Islamic teachings and values and an educational
system developed from and encouraged or imbued
by teachings and values. Islamic values. The
hallmark of Islamic education as seen by Abuddin
Nata is education that bases all of its learning
activities on the realm of ketauhidan (Abuddin Nata,
2012: 198).
One of the weaknesses of Muslims, even
scholars are the habit of stopping at normative
concepts, so that they seem to have been satisfied
only memorizing the arguments of the Koran and Al
Hatih. So it is only natural that in recent times there
has been a dearth of creative works, as a generator of
Islamic civilization in this era. In addition, Islamic
education serves to prepare humans as leaders who
represent God on earth. Humans who orient their
lives not only for the benefit of the world, but
transcendentally link all worldly activities as
provisions to trace a more eternal life, namely the
afterlife.
Furthermore, the problematic management of
Islamic Education means that all problems related to
the management of Islamic education include
management of leadership, personnel, students,
curriculum, finance, and management of facilities
and infrastructure. In the study of Dawn explained ",
Al-Thariqahahammu min al-maddahwalakinna al -
almudarrisahammu min al-thariqah (method is more
important than material, but teacher is more
important than method), meaning the role of HR is
important in order to organize the management of
Islamic Higher Education, (Mujammil Qomar, 2007:
129) In Mulyasa's view, he said that Islamic
Education personnel management aims to achieve
power that is effective and efficient in order to
achieve optimal results, but still in conditions that
are fun in any situation and condition, (Mujammil
Qomar, 2007: 130). For that the methodology we
use is in conducting studies this is a study that uses a
description of a phenomenon in the location of the
researcher tian. Whereas in compiling this study,
researchers used qualitative methods by presenting
descriptive data. Because, the data collected in this
study is in the form of words, not numbers. The
procedure for analysis is interpretation, not statistical
or quantitative. As expressed by Bogdan and Tylor,
which was cited by Lexy J. Moleong, that qualitative
methodology is a research procedure that produces
descriptive data in the form of written or verbal
words from people or observed behavior, (Lexy J.
Moleong: 2009: 4)
2 BASIC PRINCIPLES IN
ISLAMIC HIGHER
EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
According to Ramayulis the principles of education
management are sincere, honesty, trustworthy, fair,
responsible, dynamic, practical, and flexible. For
Islamic Education Management in the Digital Era
2385
details, a number of Al-Quran propositions will be
presented which underlie the principles of Islamic
Education management as follows:
First, Ikhlas attitude, the principle of sincerity in the
management of Islamic Education should be the
most important part of the leader and the one he
leads. If sincerity does not exist, then there will be
chaos in carrying out the task, the task they do not
consider as worship. Without sincerity, all his
actions in order to achieve common goals in
educational organizations and institutions will
remain in vain because they are carried out by force
or other than Allah.
Second, the Principle of Honesty, that God
commands every Muslim to act and be with honest
people. "O ye who believe, fear Allah, and be with
those who are righteous." In the verse it is implied
that when a believer in togetherness in a group or in
an institution or in an organization should be in the
line of honest people. If in the management of
Islamic education there are many honest people,
God will give a reward for the truth and honesty.
Third, this Amanah Principle should be owned by
every Muslim, when the mandate has been owned,
then in carrying out any task will be responsible,
will be mandated by the task given to him. Because
basically God tells people to convey the mandate to
those who are entitled.
Fourth, Prisip al-is, in the management of Islamic
Education the decision to be taken should pay
attention to the values of justice, so that the decision
does not harm other parties. The principle of justice
should be applied in all aspects of management, so
that there is no gap to commit tyranny against
others.
Fifth, the principle of the sense of responsibility, that
every component of management should have a
responsible person, so that in carrying out the task is
not just to be done, but to dare to be responsible for
all decisions, all actions in order to achieve common
goals. In Islamic education management, the answer
is not only to stop at the hands of the manager, but
also before Allah. The same thing was also
expressed by Ramayulis that all actions taken by
managers will be held accountable, both activities,
policies taken will be held accountable, both before
humans and before Allah.
Sixth, the dynamic principle, management of Islamic
education should always be dynamic, in the sense of
making changes that may need to be changed, and
trying not to be static in doing managerial in Islamic
education, and all dynamics should be directed and
adapted to Islamic education itself. In the study of
this journal article, the author attempts to describe
the reviews based on field observations, where the
results of this paper illustrate how many Islamic
higher education institutions require serious, and in-
depth handling in order to become a healthy
university with a ratio of students, lecturers,
facilities, human resources and all its needs. From
various studies in various regions, the authors
compiled an article of this research using qualitative
meanings.
3 MAIN FUNCTIONS IN
ISLAMIC HIGHER
EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
3.1 Planning Function
Planning is a process carried out by a manager in
determining goals and taking steps to ensure that
these goals can be achieved. Meanwhile, according
to Ramayulis planning is the first step that must be
considered by managers and managers of Islamic
education. planning is an important thing that should
exist in the management of Islamic education.
Planning in Islamic education institutions is not only
to meet the target of Islamic education goals in a
certain range, but the planning of Islamic education
goes beyond worldly limits. The point is that Islamic
education planning is directed to achieve happiness
in the world and the world. This is reinforced by the
opinion of Ramayulis, that the planning of Islamic
education is not only directed to achieve the
perfection of world happiness, but also happiness,
meaning that in planning Islamic education needs to
consider the balance between the goals of the world
and the world. , not much different from managing
the management of the institution outside of a high
level of struggle.But the difference between
managing PT. Is much heavier and more
complicated, because it manages PT. Must be ready
for everything.
Asnawir stated that the steps in planning are as
follows:
a) Determine and formulate the objectives to
be achieved.
b) Examine the problems or work that will be
carried out.
c) Problems or information needed.
d) Determine the stages or sequence of
actions.
e) Formulate how the problems will be solved
and how the work must be completed
thoroughly.
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2386
f) Determine who will do what influences the
implementation of the action.
g) Determine how to make changes in the
preparation of plans.
3.2 Organizing
Asnawir stated that organizing is a formulation
activity, the formation of working relationships
between people so as to realize a business entity in
achieving the stated goals. Ramayulis states
organizing in management as an effort to determine
the structure of roles by making concepts of
activities needed to achieve goals. This further
clarifies the position of the organizer in
management, the concept of organizing clearly
provides an illustration that in management there are
efforts to carry out different roles in order to realize
a common goal, even though they vary in roles, but
all these roles and activities lead to one the goal is to
achieve previously agreed targets. The achievement
of these targets is the actualization of the concepts
previously planned. This gives an understanding that
there is a kind of active and continuous movement of
various elements within institutions, organizations
and institutions to conduct various activities that are
structured and neatly arranged, so that interrelated
relationships are established to achieve the end
result, the end result is the goal.
3.3 Movement
Management has a scaling function, the scaling done
by managers allows the organization to run and
planning is carried out. Thus scaling is carried out
by important managers in management. Managers
who are able to move their subordinates certainly
have certain tips, such as giving motivation, giving
motivation is an attempt to arouse, the business of
awakening is one of Allah's asthma namely Al-Ba'its
which means to awaken. Based on Allah's Asma, the
manager should have these characteristics, so that it
is expected that in his managerial he is able to
arouse the work spirit of his subordinates.
3.4 Supervision
Supervision is an effort to supervise or observe so
that the implementation does not deviate from the
planned plan. According to Ramayulis, supervision
is an attempt to observe the implementation of
operational activities in order to ensure that activities
run in accordance with the stipulated provisions.
Based on Ramayulis' opinion, supervision is an
effort to control so that the implementation does not
deviate from the agreed terms. According to
Ramayulis supervision in Islamic education has the
following characteristics: supervision is material and
spiritual, monitoring is not only the manager, but
also Allah SWT, using humane methods that uphold
human dignity. With these characteristics it can be
understood that the implementers of various plans
that have been agreed upon will be accountable to
their managers and Allah as the most knowledgeable
supervisor. On the other hand, supervision in the
concept of Islam prioritizes using a humane
approach, an approach imbued with Islamic values.
As for what we find is dil
4 NEW CHALLENGES
MANAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC
HIGHER EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONS IN THE
DIGITAL ERA
In MujammilQomar's view in his book entitled
"Management of Islamic Education, 2007: 106), he
said" that the party most responsible for managing
Perguraun high is the Chancellor or High School
Leader, because building a university is building
human-intellectual professionalism in order to be
able to get along in the midst of a global community
dynamically, creatively, and innovatively.
Therefore, globalization is often translated
"worldwide". An entity, however, anywhere,
anytime, quickly spreads to all corners of the world,
in the form of ideas, ideas, data, information,
production, development, rebellion, and so on, once
conveyed, at that time everyone in the world knew.
The development of globalization in general rests on
the advancement of science and technology,
especially in the field of information and new
innovations in technology that facilitate human life,
the existence of free trade that is supported by the
advancement of science and technology, the ease of
regional and international cooperation that has
united life together from nations without knowing
national borders, and increasing awareness of human
rights and human obligations in common life, and in
line with that the increasing awareness of common
in the realm of democracy. The advancement of
science and technology which is accompanied by the
increasingly fast globalization of the world brings its
own impact to the world of education. For example,
various levels of education ranging from high school
to public and private tertiary institutions open
Islamic Education Management in the Digital Era
2387
international class programs, giving rise to problems
in Islamic education institutions, which no longer
respond to market needs for quality labor. This
raises several problems from the development of
globalization which can be detailed as follows. The
flow of globalization has an influence on the
development of the world of Islamic Higher
Education.
Because of that the space of globalization which is
characterized by various kinds of advances in the
field of information technology, and communication
has led to various changes in both the world of
education and learning. Macro changes have driven
the acceleration of the democratization process and
equity in learning. Teachers, lecturers, and teaching
staff are no longer the only sources in the learning
process. Actually, learning resources can be
obtained from a variety of sources, including one
that is nature that is stretched designed or not
designed can be a source of knowledge that at all
times is ready to present whatever students want for
their learning resources depending on their hard will.
With the advancement of Information and
communication technology there are several things
we get, namely: a) The faster access to information,
b) Communication with various kinds of people is
not dependent on geography, and c) Can internalize
an idea or thought in the form of text, graphics,
sound and picture. Looking at the phenomenon
above, education is no longer defined as a process of
transfer of knowledge, transfer of knowledge), from
educators to students. This definition is very
personalism (contact between adults and children is
a limit to the meaning of education), and has now
been abandoned by many people. Education is
revolutionized by learning technology. Where
students have the freedom to learn, how come he
must learn, what material must be learned, with what
help he must learn. All are presented like mineral
water outlets along the way. Likewise with Islamic
education, now there is an era where education is no
longer centered on people or educators, but more
than that we are experiencing what is called the era
of digitalization of education. The following article
tries to give some footage where education has
penetrated the digital era that has been present
before us. Whatever we want we can access, it
depends on how we use this digital age technology
to add insight into our knowledge. In order to create
quality education and be able to be accessed by
anyone, technology management is a direction to
develop the world of education today.
Changes are very clear before our eyes. Then the
period and era that always goes forward so quickly,
has brought various kinds of changes from various
points of view of human life. Not only in the pattern
of life but more specifically it can be said to have
influenced the way of thinking and the ethics of
thinking. This has presented the progress of the field
of science and technology, which demands humanity
to follow its development if it wants the continuation
of its life in this modern world. While the most
important thing for the achievement of progress and
civilization, can not escape from an educational
process that can lead to achieving an integral
thought process for the changes and development of
applied science and technology. Because what is
happening now is, who controls science, technology
and information, they will be able to influence and
determine the direction of society in this digital era.
So, whatever you want to achieve, Muslims can
strive and realize it through the ability of high
quality Muslims, so that they have the ability to
interact and communicate healthily in the global
pluralism of cultural society in this digital era.
Globalization currents which are often referred to as
free markets and at the same time free competition,
have opened many lines of communication between
humans through electronic media, and have shifted
the agents of human socialization that took place
traditionally. The progress of the information sector
will ultimately affect the psyche and personality of
the community. So that only those who are forward-
oriented can survive, and who are able to turn
knowledge into policy and those who have the
characteristics of modern society. In these
circumstances, the existence of a nation with another
nation has become one, both in the social, cultural,
economic, and even management settings of the
world of education, let alone those dealing with
managing Islamic education should not be left
behind with education other than Islamic education.
Then from the point of view above, education is an
important role holder in the process of developing
thought and culture, and human lifestyle both
directly and indirectly. For that reason, the change
should start from the institutional side, educational
material, teacher, lecturer as the implementer of
learning, methods, facilities, and so on from all
aspects and supporting factors of the educational
process, must be able to look carefully and be able to
build a new paradigm in the form of new culture
regarding education in a global era that is full of
challenges, so that it can provide new space for
several opportunities that can provide new insights
and contribute to the development of the global
world. One example to build a culture of discipline
in higher education, for example PT. apply the
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2388
Finger Print system, to encourage discipline of
lecturers in order to improve campus work ethic.
Therefore, according to A. Qodri Azizy, offers four
kinds of concepts to develop the management of
Islamic Higher Education. First, Morality
Commitment, both building system and Climate,
third building lecturer culture, fourth building staff
and leadership, (Mujammil Qomar: 2007: 118 -119)
While the challenge to bring religious colleges in the
future is not easy. At the very least, first, it must be
supported by strong institutional human resources.
Secondly, supported by adequate higher education
funding. Third, the availability of adequate
infrastructure. Fourth, supported by a conducive
environment. The fifth is supported by a conducive,
stable and good climate. . Well, on average, why are
many of our colleges still weak, because the five
devices are inadequate, eventually experiencing a
weakness in the field. In the writer's observation, in
East Java we still find many universities whose
management is mediocre in managing their
respective universities, in Gresik there may be three,
Surabaya, there are three, Sidoarjo there are two,
poor there is one, Ponorogo one and the other are
actually also we still find a lot.
5 CONCLUSIONS
From the explanation of the article above, it can be
concluded that etymologically management comes
from the word manage which means taking care of,
regulating, implementing, managing. Then in terms
of Islamic education management is a process of
active cooperation in an educational institution in
order to achieve the goals of educational institutions.
The collaboration is based on faith in God, as well as
cooperation to achieve God's blessing. In order to
make Higher Education advanced and in demand,
the best effort would be to improve the management
system of the Higher Education institution
thoroughly and work hard. Human resources are
important, strong sources of funding, adequate
infrastructure, a conducive environment, a strong
institutional structure.
The principles in Islamic education management are
based on sincerity to God, honesty, trustworthiness,
fairness, responsibility, dynamic, flexible. While
aspects of management in Islamic education are
institutional, structural, personnel, information,
engineering and environmental aspects. Then the
management function of Islamic education is a
function of planning, organizing, scaling and
supervision. The most prominent difference in the
management of Islamic education with secular
management or other management lies in its basic
principle, namely the Al-Quran and Hadith, on the
other hand supervision is comprehensive, not only
involves the manager in supervision but there is a
higher supervisor namely Allah SWT.
To develop PTI, it is necessary to identify the major
problems faced by PTI, namely, First, low
productivity; secondly, limited capacity; third
limitation of developing ability; fourth, the
imbalance between various universities; and fifth,
unbalanced distribution in the fields of science
provided by universities, especially between the
social sciences and the humanities with the exact
sciences. To overcome these weaknesses, programs
need to be as follows: First, increase the productivity
of universities; second, increased capacity; third,
improving service to the community; fourth,
improvement of scientific sciences or science and
technology; fifth, increased ability to develop. All
exposures, discussions, solutions, and findings need
to be used as important inputs for the advancement
of the management of higher education which is
increasingly a challenge in this digital era, including
educators or lecturers in all universities. Therefore,
in the future Competition, Management, Preparation
of HR, Infrastructure preparation is absolutely
indispensable, Supervision is very necessary,
because the more modern the management of
Universities, the more costs incurred by Higher
Education. Then all PTI. Not being able to manage
universities with capital as they are, but need to
make new innovations that are able to become
competitive for the progress of the college.
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SunanKalijaga Press, 2009).
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Jalal, Fasli, Education Reform in the Context of Regional
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ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation
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