Prototype of Temperature, Humidity and Soil PH Measurement as a
Analysis Tool Soil Resistance in Grounding System
Sri Sukamta, Said Sunardiyo and Fitri Ambarwati
Electrical Engineering, Semarang State University, Indonesia
Keywords: Grounding Systems, Soil Resistance, Soil Temperature, Soil Humidity, Soil PH.
Abstract: One of the requirements of grounding system is having a small soil resistance value. Factors affect the soil
resistance are temperature, humidity and soil pH levels. There has been no integrated instrument of
temperature, humidity and soil pH. It must use three instruments to determining the amount of temperature,
humidity and soil pH. Based on the background, main problem in this research is how performance measuring
instrument temperature, humidity and soil pH?. The research method use Research and Development. In this
research is only test the feasibility and performance of a measuring instrument temperature , humidity and
soil pH without looking at the depth statistical aspects. The results showed that the accuracy of this measuring
instrument is accurate and feasible to use with an average 0.5% error percentage. The results showed that the
effect of temperature on the resistance of soil type showed to be directly proportional, for the humidity is
inversely to the soil type resistance where every soil moisture increase there is a decrease of the soil type
resistance value and the soil pH level is proportional to the type resistance where each pH value decrease the
resistance value also decreased.
1 INTRODUCTION
The requirements of a good grounding system are
to have a small grounding resistance value. It serves
to avoid the dangers posed by the presence of ground
faults, but in practice it is not easy to get a small
grounding resistance value because of the many
factors that influence it, one of which is the value of
the soil resistance. Soil resistance (ρ) is a
representation of soil material properties, water
content factors, temperature, humidity and soil pH.
These magnitudes affect the resistance of the
grounding system directly, if this value is too small to
pass large disturbance currents, the metal
composition of the parts connected to the ground will
be dangerous to touch and a dangerous voltage
gradient will arise on its surface. The price of soil type
resistance at a certain depth depends on several
factors including soil temperature, soil moisture and
soil pH.
The current problem is that there is no tool seen
from the aspect of temperature, humidity and soil pH
as a tool for analyzing soil type resistance. People
often use soil thermometers as a measure of soil
temperature, soil tester to measure soil moisture and
pH meter to measure soil pH levels. The use of
measuring instruments that are less practical because
they have to use three measuring instruments in
determining the amount of temperature, humidity and
soil pH, is the reason for making this prototype.
Therefore, prototypes of soil temperature,
humidity and pH measuring instruments using K type
thermocouples as a temperature sensor, YL-69 sensor
as a humidity sensor and ETP 306 electrode as a pH
sensor based on the Atmega328 microcontroller are
used. This prototype is expected to help analyze the
influence of soil temperature, humidity and pH levels
on soil type prisoners.
2 METHOD
The research method used in this study is Research and
Development (R & D). Research and Development research
methods or often abbreviated as R & D is a research method
used to research, design, produce, and test the validity of
products that have been produced. In methodology,
development research has four difficulties: research without
testing (not making and not testing products), testing
without researching (testing the validity of existing
products), researching and testing efforts to develop
370
Sukamta, S., Sunardiyo, S. and Ambarwati, F.
Prototype of Temperature, Humidity and Soil PH Measurement as a Analysis Tool Soil Resistance in Grounding System.
DOI: 10.5220/0009011503700374
In Proceedings of the 7th Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and Application on Green Technology (EIC 2018), pages 370-374
ISBN: 978-989-758-411-4
Copyright
c
2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
existing products, researching and testing in creating
products new.
The product produced through this research is a
prototype for measuring temperature, humidity and soil pH
as a tool for analyzing soil type resistance. With the
prototype it is expected to measure the temperature,
humidity and pH of the soil whose measurement results can
be used in analyzing soil type prisoners.
2.1 The Collection of Data and
Information
The collection of data and information in this
study uses measurement methods using the
measuring instruments produced. The instrument in
this study was to use data collection instruments
including data on soil resistance values, soil type
resistance, soil temperature, soil moisture and soil
pH. The data obtained are then analyzed to determine
the effect on soil type prisoners.
2.2 Design of Prototype
the design of prototypes for measuring temperature,
humidity and soil pH using a 9 volt voltage source,
Atmega328 Arduino Uno microcontroller,
thermocouple K temperature sensor, YL-69 humidity
sensor and pH electrode ETP-306. In general, the
block diagram of the prototype of the temperature,
humidity and pH of the soil can be seen in Figure 1:
Figure 1: Block diagram of a prototype.
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 Tool Result
After going through according to the steps that are
in accordance with the RnD research method, the
final results are prototypes of soil temperature,
humidity and pH measuring instruments as a tool in
analyzing the influence of the three variables on soil
type resistance. Figure 2 shows the process of
measuring temperature, humidity and soil pH.
Figure 2: Measuring temperature, humidity and soil pH.
3.2 Tool Testing Results
Tools are tested so that errors do not occur and
function properly. The test was carried out after all
the tool manufacturing process was carried out, the
testing was carried out in stages to find faults and
work shortages in the tool in this study carried out
three tests namely testing the temperature sensor,
humidity sensor and soil pH sensor.
3.2.1 Temperature Sensor Testing
This test is done to ascertain whether the type K
Thermocouple sensor can function properly. The K
type Thermocouple sensor functions as a sensor to
measure soil temperature. Test data of soil
temperature measurement tools in the form of
measurement comparison data using Thermocouple
type K sensor with standard tools namely iTuin.
Data from the test results of type K Thermocouple
sensor with calibrator is illustrated in Table 1:
Table 1: Measurement of temperature sensors.
No. Thermocouple
K (°C)
iTuin
(°C)
Difference Percentage of
Error (%)
1. 18,3 18 0,3 1,67
2. 20,6 20 0,6 3,00
3. 22,5 22 0,5 2,27
4. 25 25 0 0,00
5.
27,9 28 -0,1 -0,36
6.
31,1 31 0,1 0,32
7.
35,4 36 -0,6 -1,67
8.
45,8 46 -0,2 -0,43
9.
48 48 0 0,00
10.
51 51 0 0,00
Average
32,56 32,5 0,06 0,18
Std.
Deviasi
11,97 12,17 0,25 1,41
Prototype of Temperature, Humidity and Soil PH Measurement as a Analysis Tool Soil Resistance in Grounding System
371
Measurements were made ten times at various
points on the land in the Ungaran area. The average
value of the soil temperature obtained using the iTuin
tool is 32.5 while using the research prototype is
32.56 the difference in value is 0.06 and the average
error is 0.18%.
3.2.2 Humidity Sensor Testing
Soil sensor testing moisture YL-69 to ensure the
sensor can work properly. Soil moisture YL-69
functions as a sensor for measuring soil moisture.
Test data of soil moisture measurement tool in the
form of measurement comparison data using soil
moisture sensor YL-69 with a standard tool that is
ETP-306.
Table 2: Measurement of humidity sensors.
Table 2 shows the measurement of humidity
sensors. The average value of soil moisture obtained
using the soil tester ETP-306 is 17.77 while using the
research prototype is 17.68 the difference in value is
-0.09 and the average error is -0.51%.
3.2.3 Soil pH Sensor Testing
Testing the soil pH sensor using an electrode from
the pH meter ETP-306 to make sure the sensor works
properly. PH meter electrode ETP-306 functions as a
sensor to measure soil pH. Data testing of soil pH
measurement tools in the form of measurement
comparison data using electrode pH meter ETP-306
with standard tools, namely iTuin. Data from the test
results of the pH meter ETP-306 electrode with the
calibrator are described in Table 3:
Table 3: Measurement of soil ph sensors.
Measurements were made ten times at various
points on the land in the Ungaran area. The average
value of soil pH obtained using the iTuin tool is 4.75
while using the research prototype is 4.73 the
difference in value is -0.02 and the average error is -
0.04%.
3.2.4 Testing the Effect of Soil Temperature,
Soil Humidity and Soil pH on
Prisoners of Soil Resistance
Based on the results of the tests that have been
carried out on a piece of clay in the area of East
Ungaran, it can be concluded that each variable
(temperature, humidity and soil pH) has a different
soil resistance value. Table 4 below shows the value
of soil type resistance based on soil temperature,
humidity and pH.
No. Sensor YL-69
(%)
ETP-
306 (%)
Differen
ce
Percentage of
Error (%)
1. 7 7,2 -0,2 -2,78
2. 9,4 10 -0,6 -6,00
3. 12,2 11,7 0,5 4,27
4. 15,6 15,7 -0,1 -0,64
5.
18,1 18 0,1 0,56
6.
18,9 18,9 0 0,00
7.
21 21,3 -0,3 -1,41
8.
22,7 23,1 -0,4 -1,73
9.
25,6 25,6 0 0,00
10.
26,3 26,2 0,1 0,38
Average
17,68 17,77 -0,09 -0,51
Std.
Deviasi
6,60 6,56 0,31 2,63
No. ETP-306
Sensor
iTuin Difference Percentage of
Error (%)
1. 3,1 3 0,1 3,33
2. 3,2 3 0,2 6,67
3. 3,7 4 -0,3 -7,50
4. 4,1 4 0,1 2,50
5.
4,4 4,5 -0,1 -2,22
6.
4,8 5 -0,2 -4,00
7.
5,2 5 0,2 4,00
8.
5,9 6 -0,1 -1,67
9.
6,3 6,5 -0,2 -3,08
10.
6,6 6,5 0,1 1,54
Average
4,73 4,75 -0,02 -0,04
Std.
Deviasi
1,25 1,30 0,18 4,34
EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and
Application on Green Technology
372
Table 4: Data measurement of soil resistance each variables (temperature, humidity and ph).
No. Temperature
(T)
Soil
Resistance
(ߩ
்
)
Humidity (K) Soil
Resistance
(ߩ
)
Soil pH (pH) Soil
Resistance
(ߩ
ு
)
1. 26°C 322.477 Ωm 25% 743.157 Ωm 5.82 51.491 Ωm
2. 23°C 216.025 Ωm 50% 667.884 Ωm 5.33 26.898 Ωm
3. 20°C 135.658 Ωm 70% 593.746 Ωm 4.82 13.978 Ωm
4. 18°C 77.639 Ωm 100% 409.637 Ωm 4.27 8.616 Ωm
Average
21.75°C 187.95 Ωm 61.25% 603.61 Ωm 5.06 25.25 Ωm
Based on the table above, you can illustrate the
graph of the resistivity values of the soil types of each
variable (temperature, humidity and pH) in Figure 3:
Figure 3: Graph of soil resistance according to temperature,
humidity and soil pH.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the prototype of the
temperature, humidity and soil pH measuring
instrument as a tool to analyze the resistance of soil
types in the grounding system, it can be concluded as
follows: 1.) The effect of temperature on soil type
resistance is proportional where any decrease in
temperature decreases the value of soil type with
value the highest type of resistance is 322.477Ωm at
a temperature of 26 ° C and the lowest resistance
value is 77.639Ωm at a temperature of 18 ° C. 2.) The
effect of humidity on the resistance of soil type is
inversely proportional where every increase in
humidity there is a decrease in the value of soil
resistance with the highest soil type resistance
743,157Ωm at 25% humidity and the lowest
resistance value 409,637Ωm at 100% humidity. 3.)
The effect of soil pH on soil type resistance is directly
proportional to any decrease in soil pH there is also a
decrease in soil resistivity value, with the highest soil
type resistance value of 51,491Ωm at pH 5.82 and the
lowest soil resistance value of 8,616Ωm at pH 4.27.
4.) The prototype of soil temperature, humidity and
pH measuring instruments can work well and is
suitable for use because each sensor only has an error
percentage of less than 1%.
After conducting research, there needs to be
further development for prototypes of soil
temperature, humidity and pH measuring
instruments, so the authors suggest the following: 1.)
In selecting sensors, the level of accuracy in reading
data must be considered so that when applied in an
error value tool produced is not too large. 2.) The
prototype made is expected to be further developed
with more integration of functions.
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Application on Green Technology
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