The Relationship Between Self-Concept with Social Interaction
Quality of Football Team
Ahmad Hamidi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No.229, Bandung, Indonesia
ahmadhamidi@upi.edu
Keywords: Self-Concept and Social Interaction.
Abstract: A field observation of the football teams that showed unfavorable social interaction on several teams is the
background of the study. It is assumed that lack attention of interaction within the team can be annoyance at
the football team-work. The main purpose of the study is to show the relationship between self-concept of
athletes with quality of social interaction of UPI football team. The method used is descriptive method. The
population is the athletes from Male group of UKM UPI football team whom regularly take the football
training course amounted to 79 people, with the sample of 30 athletes, using proportional random sampling
technique. The Instrument used in this study is questionnaire, which contains about self-concept and quality
of social interaction. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between self-concept of
athletes and social interaction quality of football team. Athletes mostly show positive self-concept and high
quality social interaction. However, the level of relationship between the variables with the determination
between variables is quite small. There are other factors that may affect the team's social interactions in
addition to the athletes' self-concept.
1 INTRODUCTION
In social life, communication is an important aspect
of life since ancient times to the present. The fulfil
of needs, and many aspects of lives will depend on
communication. Just as expressed by Wilbur
Schramm in Wijaya (2012) states without
communication, it is impossible to form a
community. The opinions above confirm that
communication is important to avoid unproper
individual attitude that leads to uncivilized society.
Society is the main issue in a development. That
means communication has an important role in
development.
Nowadays, development in the field of sport
continues concerned by the Indonesian government.
It seems that development in other sectors is difficult
to do, while the opportunities in development of the
sports sector is widely open. The sports sector can
support the development of other sectors, such as the
economic sector or the development of human
resources to be more qualified. Sport achievement is
a very important part of development in the sports
sector. Through the accomplishments achieved at the
international level, can raise the prestige and become
a highly rank target of investment.
Achievement in doing sport cannot be gain
instantly but through systematic processes and in a
relatively long time period so that achievement can
last longer. The process starts from a children talent
search; in this case, children who have a high
willingness to excel and be trained according to the
level and abilities of each child. The aspects that
need to be trained to achieve maximum performance
is the physical, technical, tactical, and mental.
In sports team, especially in soccer or football
games, it a good social interaction is absolutely
needed to create a solid team. Social interaction is a
foundation of a relationship within the team, in order
to build a nice team-work. According to Soekanto
(2002), "Social interaction is the key to all social
life. On the absence of a communication or
interaction with each other, a good team is hardly to
create. Social interaction is a major factor in
determining cooperation as a team, both on the
ground and off the field, or even in everyday life.
The quality of social interactions in a good team, all
the obstacles and barriers faced by the team can be
passed by the absence of a conflict within the team
408
Hamidi, A.
The Relationship Between Self-Concept with Social Interaction Quality of Football Team.
In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 2, pages 408-413
ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
that caused the split, so that the purpose of the team
is difficult to reach.
The split in this team becomes a scourge for all
the football teams from beginner to professional
level. It has to be avoided by any team, but the
reality on the ground is often seen that the quality of
interaction less built up in a team, especially in the
football team.
It is assumed that social interaction is lacking
due to many things, one of them is the self-concept
shown by each individual. The self-concept is an
important factor in the interaction since the
individual behavior is in the same line or adjusted to
the concept itself. The self-concept presents all
ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and the establishment of
commitment known individually about himself and
affects individuals in their dealings with others
(Stuart and Sudden in Pramawaty, 2010). On the
other words, self-concept covers all individual views
of physical, personal characteristics, motivation,
weakness, intelligence, and failure (Cawagas in
Ikhsanudin, 2010).
The self-concept will determine social
interaction within the team that led to the
management of the conflicts that occur and as a
strategy prepared by the trainer. This is the scope of
sports psychology, especially on the psychology of
coaching, where the coach should be able to cope
with and anticipate the situation. Therefore, the topic
of problems taken in this research, whether there is a
significant relationship between self-concept and the
quality of social interaction of UKM football
athletes at UPI Bandung Football team?
2 METHODS
The method used is "descriptive method" in order to
obtain answers regarding self-concept and the
quality of social interaction in a football team that is
happening at present, then it was held an analysis to
determine the relationship between self-concept and
the quality of social interaction team in a football
game.
2.1 Population
The population of this research is all members of
UKM football team of UPI Bandung amounted to 79
people, while the sample amounted to 30 people;
using technique of proportional random sampling.
2.2 Research Instruments
Table 1 describes grid instrument research-self-
concept variable consisting of Variables, Sub-
Variable, Indicator, and Statement. Meanwhile, table
2 explains instrument of social interaction with the
same aspects as those in table 1.
Table 1: Grid Instrument Research-Self Concept Variable.
VARIABLES
SUB-
VARIABLE
INDICATOR
STATEMENT
Σ
+
-
SELF
CONCEPT
AFFECTIVE
(PERCEPTUAL
COMPONENT)
Physical condition
5,6
2,8
4
Body endurance
7
1,3
3
Perceptions about
others' impressions
of his appearance
4.28
910
4
KOGNITIF
(CONSEPTUAL
COMPONENT)
Typical
characteristics
1213
25,26
4
Ability and
inability
1115
14
3
PSIKOMOTOR
(ATTITUDINAL
COMPONENT)
Background and
family origins
1916
1718
4
Quality of life
adjustment
20.29
24.27
4
Feelings to be
recognized and
rejected by others
23
2122
3
AMOUNT
14
15
29
Table 2: Instrument of Social Interaction.
2.3 Data analysis
To answer the research question, data analysis is
done as follows:
VARIABLES
SUB-
VARIABLE
INDICATOR
STATEMENT
Σ
+
-
SOCIAL
INTERACTION
INCLUTION
Establish a nice
relationship with
others
36.63
34.39
4
Be open and
accept others as
they are
45.61
37.48
4
Engage in group
activities
35.57
38.62
4
Invite peers
40.68
41.50
4
CONTROL
Giving
instructions to
friends
42.65
43.67
4
Become a group
leader
44.59
33.66
4
Got
instructions /
guidance from
others
31.32
30.47
4
AFFECTION
Give attention to
others
49.56
51.58
4
Noticed/ loved
by others
46
52.64
3
Give praise for
the strength
possessed by
others
53.60
54.55
4
AMOUNT
19
20
39
The Relationship Between Self-Concept with Social Interaction Quality of Football Team
409
Categorize data; based on research variables
(self-concept and social interaction);
Determines the normality and homogeneity of
the data;
Calculating correlation between research
variables with statistic approach "Pearson"
with formula.
(1)
Note:
: Correlation between variable X and variable Y
X
1
: The difference between each score with the
average value of the variable X
Y
1
: The difference between each score with the
average value of variable Y
Table 3: Guidelines for Providing Interpretation Against
Correlation Coefficients.
Guidelines for providing interpretation against
correlation coefficients are shown in table 3. The
Table contains Coefficient Interval, and Relationship
Level.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Result
3.1.1 Self Concept Profile of Men's Football
Athlete
Table 4: Descriptive Statistics of Self Concept Variables.
Variable
Sample
Max
value
Min
value
Average
Std. Deviation
Self-
concept
30
128
83
111.5
9.24
Based on normality test done on variable data in
table 4, where the value of Lo equal to 0,1031 and
value of Lα, with sample 30 and α = 0,05, that is
equal to 0,161. Therefore, Lo (0, 1031) <Lα (0161),
then the distribution of data in a distributed normal.
The result variable of self-concept can be seen in
Table 6.
Table 5: Descriptive Data of Normality Variable for Self
Concept.
Variables
Sample
Lo
Lα
Category
Self-concept
30
0.1031
0.161
Normal
The data on table 5 obtained then divided into 2
categories, namely positive and negative self-
concept. Categorizing data to see the self-concept of
soccer athletes can be seen in Table 7.
Table 6: Self-image of Men's Athlete at Soccer Team.
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Positive
X 102.2
26
86.7
Negative
X 102.19
4
13.3
amount
30
100
Based on the description in table 6, 26 athletes or
86.7% of 30 athletes have positive self-concept and
4 athletes or 13.3% negative self-concept. In
general, UPI soccer player athletes have positive
self-concept. Concept of self-athletes each indicator
can be seen in Table 8.
Table 7: Self Concept illustration of Athletes Per
Indicators.
Indicator
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Perceptual
Component
Positive
X 33.3
29
96.67
Negative
X 33.29
1
3.33
Conceptual
Component
Positive
X 23.3
27
90
Negative
X 23.29
3
10
Attitudinal
Component
Positive
X 34.4
27
90
Negative
X 34.39
3
10
Table 7 above shows that as many as 29 athletes
or 96.67% of athletes have a positive self-concept on
indicators of perceptual component and one athlete
or 3.33% have a negative self-concept on indicators
of perceptual component. At the conceptual
component indicators drawn 90% or 27 athletes in
the positive category and 10% or 3 athletes in the
negative category. For attitudinal component
indicator, as much as 90% or 27 athletes in the
positive category and 10% or 3 athletes in the
negative category.
3.1.2 Social Interaction Quality Profile of
Male Team of UKM Football Team
UPI
Table 8: Descriptive Statistics of Social Interaction
Variables.
Variable
Sample
Max
value
Min
value
Average
Std
Deviation
Social interaction
30
177
106
150.4
15.74
The above data on table 8, is the result of the
analysis conducted on the social interaction variable
obtained a minimum value of 106; maximum value
of 177; an average of 150, 4; and standard deviation
Coefficient Interval
Relationship Level
0,00 - 0,199
0.20 - 0.399
0.40 - 0.599
0.60 - 0.799
0.80 - 1.00
Very low
Low
Medium
High
Very high
ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education
410
of 15.74. From these results can then be made
categorization of social interaction data that is
divided into 3 categories namely high, medium, and
low.
This categorization is used to determine a
general overview of the quality of social interactions
of football team. The calculations done by level
categorization system, which aims to put the data
into separate groups gradually. The following is the
categorization of data for variable interactions,
which can be seen in table 9.
Table 9: Social Interaction Images of Male Athletes on
Football Teams.
Category
Interval
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Low
X < 91
0
0
Medium
91 X 143
7
23.33
High
X> 143
23
76.67
Amount
30
100
Social interaction images of male athletes on
football teams are shown in table 9.
Table 10: Overview Quality Indicators Social Interactions
Per Athletes.
Indicator
Category
Interval
Frequency
%
Inclusion
High
X> 69.99
3
10
Medium
54.67 X 69.99
24
80
Low
X <54.67
3
10
Control
High
X> 49.42
3
10
Medium
40.64 X 49.42
23
76.67
Low
X <40,64
4
13.33
Affection
High
X> 47.95
3
10
Medium
38.11 X 47.95
23
76.67
Low
X <38.11
4
13.33
The data on table 10 above shows the overview
quality of social interactions per indicator, as much
as 10% or 3 athletes who have a high quality, 80%
or 24 athletes of medium quality, and 10% or 3 low-
quality athletes for inclusion indicators. In the
control and affection indicators of 3 athletes or 10%
of high quality, 23 athletes or 76.67% of medium
quality, and 4 athletes or 13.33% of low quality.
Based on normality test done on variable data,
where the value of Lo equal to 0,1438 and value of
Lα, with sample 30 and α = 0,05, that is equal to
0,161. Therefore, Lo (0, 1438) <Lα (0161), then the
distribution of the data on self-concept variables is
normally distributed.
Table 11: Descriptive of Normality Data for Quality of
Team Social Interaction Variable.
Descriptive of normality data for quality of team
social interaction variable on table 11.
3.1.3 Relationship Between Self Concepts
with Quality of Social Interaction of
Athletes in UPI Football Team
Correlation test was conducted to determine whether
there is a significant relationship between self-
concept and the quality of social interaction UPI
Football team. Correlation at this research using a
statistical approach of Pearson. Based on
calculations carried out, the correlation coefficient is
0, 52. The correlation coefficient indicates that there
is a relationship between self-concept of the athlete
with the quality of social interaction of athlete in
UPI football team.
After the correlation test, then the next step is to test
the significance. From the calculation results, obtained t
value by 3, 2213 and the value of t table of 2.048. Criteria
for correlation significance testing is: if -
t_table≤t_count≤t_table, Then H0 is accepted or
correlation is not significant. counting obtained t_hitung
(3,221)>t_table (2,048), Then H0 is rejected or there is a
significant relationship between self-concept of social
interaction of athletes with the quality of the football team
UPI. Determination on the relationship of self-concept and
social interaction quality teams by 27, 07%. Correlation
coefficient and data determination is shown in table 12.
Table 12: Correlation Coefficient and Data Determination.
3.2 Discussion
Based on the processing and analysis of data from
research studies have been done on the relationship
between the self-concept of social interaction of
athletes with the quality of the team, then the result
that there is a significant relationship between self-
concept of social interaction of athletes with the
quality of the teams in the game of football. To
corroborate these findings, the authors take the
opinion of Stuart and Sudden in Pramawaty (2010),
that the factors that influence the development of
self-concept is a theory of development, significant
other (the most important or closest), and self-
perception (perception of oneself)". From the above
theory, there are three factors that affect the athlete's
self-concept, one of them is significant other
synergy with social interaction. Social interaction
should not be forgotten in the development of self-
concept. Social interaction will give the perception
of the athlete, and social interaction within the team
is a necessity or need for athletes to achieve the
Variables
Sample
Lo
Lα
Category
Social
interaction
30
0.1438
0.161
Normal
Correlation
coefficient
Determination
t
t
table
Category
0.52
27.07
3.221
2.048
Correlation is moderate
and significant
The Relationship Between Self-Concept with Social Interaction Quality of Football Team
411
goals, both individual goals and objectives of the
team itself. According to Raimy in Burns (1993)
said that "What is believed by a person about
himself is a factor in understanding social towards
other people." Athletes who have a positive self-
concept may accept other people around them,
especially those in direct contact with him. Fey in
Burns (1993), argues that men who accept
themselves high (positive self-concepts) are more
receptive to others, estimating their own popularity
higher than men who accept themselves less.
According to Shaw in Son (2011), asserts that
social interaction is "an exchange of interpersonal
each person shows their behavior to one another in
their presence, and each behavior influence each
other." The concept itself is part of the personality
that affect the quality of social interaction in the
team. Athletes will behave according to the
personality he owns, then the athlete should be able
to customize the personality that included a self-
concept, the state of the team and other athletes so
there is synchronization of each individual.
According to Ahmadi (2009), "The relationship is
about the effort in adjusting and the adjustment can
be by way of so-called autoplastic, that person must
adjust the surrounding environment." Acceptance of
oneself will make individuals better enjoy going to
the reception of surrounding environment. Burns
(1993) says that the self-accepting person views the
world as a more pleasant place than one who rejects
himself and is less defensive towards others and
about himself because of his attitude. Singgih in
Husdarta (2010) points out that, team cohesiveness
is an indispensable force in order to be able to show
the best game. Being a unity in the team, through
good interaction process, become its unique power
to achieve maximum performance.
Anshel (1990) argues that "Coaches should be
aware of the need of most athletes to belong-to
affiliate with other team members." From these
opinions can be concluded that the coach should be
able to control the interaction that occurs between
individuals within the team in order to be a unity. It
can be controlled with the participation of
individuals in building a good social interaction,
thus becoming a dynamic team. The process of
making friends and developing into a cohesive,
supportive group is the best understood as a process
of group dynamics (Anshel, 1990). Dynamic team
will increase the cohesion within his own team and
create an atmosphere that coaches and athletes want
to have, a state where all team members feel
comfortable. It is the formation of the team climate
or constructive climate. By Anshel (1990),
constructive climate is when the atmosphere is
relaxed and nontreatenig, athletes feel more
comfortable in engaging in direct, honest
communications with Reviews their coach and
teammates.
In a dynamic team, each member of the team
aware of the role that should be run. Role according
to Boeree (2010) is shared expectations regarding
the functions in the community. Functions in a team
are shared based on the capabilities and should be
realized individually. By realizing the capability, the
role will be properly carried out. In this case, the
trainer should be able to discuss well about the role
and ability of each athlete. The trainer can control
how the role of each athlete, so as to minimize the
problems that arise. A common problem in a team is
a misunderstanding between each athlete, a matter
that can damage and climate interactions in the team.
The results of this study suggest that there is a
significant relationship between variables with
moderate level of correlation and determination of
small data, it is likely caused by a lack of attention
coaches and athletes on the social aspect, especially
on the concept of self and social interaction team.
The coach or athlete is more focused on the physical
aspects, techniques, and tactical. Therefore, athletes
and coaches themselves must realize the importance
of psychology in the team, especially on the self-
concept of the athletes and social interaction within
the team. It is intended to prevent and deal with the
effects of psychological aspects. Handlers and
prevention can be done through training psychology,
may be the formation of personality or a game of co-
operation in outbound activities that can improve the
cohesion of the group (a feeling shared in a group).
In coaching the self-concept of athletes, coaches,
and trainers should be able to maintain and direct the
self-concept towards the positive way. The steps that
can be done is to find and recognize the negative and
positive things in the athlete, to give direction to be
open to accept the views of others about themselves,
and try to appreciate each effort or the work itself. A
comfortable and pleasant environment can direct the
athlete's self-concept into a positive way.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Based on processing and analysis of data in this
research, it can be concluded that there is significant
relationship between self-concept of athlete with
quality of the team social interaction. The
Relationship is ranged on the average level of
coefficient correlation.
ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education
412
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Burns, R., 1993. Self Concept: Theory, Pengakuran,
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Husdarta, J., 2010. Sports Psychology, Alfabeta Bandung.
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Ikhsanudin, 2010. Perkembangan Konsep Diri, (online)
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