Effectiveness of Communication Interpersonal Relations with

Achievement Motivation and Mental Toughness

Lutfi Afdani, Amung Ma'mun, Yusup Hidayat and Ira Purnamasari

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jln. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung, Indonesia

amungma'mun@upi.edu

Keywords: Interpersonal Communication Effectiveness, Achievement Motivation, and Mental Toughness.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is (1) to assess the effectiveness of interpersonal communication related to the

achievement motivation of athletes; (2) to assess the effectiveness of interpersonal communication related

mental toughness athletes, (3) to assess the effectiveness of interpersonal communication related to

achievement motivation and mental toughness athlete athletes. Samples of this study were as many as 44

people of West Java PPLP team athletes, of the total population of 44 athletes, method used in this study was

a survey method. Survey methods were used to obtain data from a particular place is natural (not artificial),

but researchers do treatment in the collection of data, such as circulating questionnaires, tests, structured

interviews and so on. Results of this study was obtained coefficients a (0.35) and the coefficients b (0.51) is

significant, which means that the effectiveness of interpersonal communication discount affecting relations

achievement motivation and achievement motivation relationships affect mental toughness athlete means of

communication will provide a higher impact if through achievement motivation. This shows that the model

of mediation (intervening variables). The value of the coefficient c '(direct effect = 0.32) were statistically

significant, meaning that there is the effectiveness of interpersonal communication that affects the mental

toughness when controlled athlete achievement motivation.

1 INTRODUCTION

When used in the world of sports coaching unifying

communication is the bridge between the coach and

the athlete or athletes with athletes. Because the

exercise and the game will not run without the

communication components such as language, voice,

body movement, the facial expressions, symbols and

words. Communication basically has many forms

including intrapersonal and interpersonal

communication. One form of interpersonal

communication is included in personal

communication. Interpersonal communication is the

"communication between two people takes place face

to face" communication dyadic" (Trenholm and Jesen

1995).

This communication includes the most effective

communication, because the information providers

can interact with the interlocutors. This

communication is certainly very suitable if used in

situations of exercise and play as well as at the time

of evaluation afterwards. Because interpersonal

communication such as personal fulfillment or

satisfaction of the media, to be cognitive (e.g.

learning), affective (e.g., satisfaction), or behavior

(e.g., Achieving one's goals through other people's

actions / influence) (Rebecca B. Rubin and Alan M.

Rubin 2009).

Exercising or playing is the thing to do with

seriousness. Communication has an important role

during the process, because of the good

communication a coach can understand what is

needed by the athletes, athletes can understand what

is needed and expected by fellow athletes as well.

Therefore, to achieve the goal of an exercise and

competition, athletes must have the interpersonal

communication skills and also build a good

relationship. Because indirect interpersonal

communication conducted between the coach and

athletes or athletes with athletes can strengthen

motivation and increase athletes’ mental toughness

themselves. Mental toughness so that it is well

maintained motivation to exercise and compete to be

optimized, it is important to know the factors that may

affect motivation and compete exercise itself.

It is related to the theory of motivation term Need

for achievement first popularized by Mc Clelland as

n-ach as an abbreviation of need for achievement. Mc

100

Afdani, L., Ma’mun, A., Hidayat, Y. and Purnamasari, I.

Effectiveness of Communication Interpersonal Relations with Achievement Motivation and Mental Toughness.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 2, pages 100-105

ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9

Clelland assumes n-ach as a mental virus. Virus is

complete mental minds that relate to how to do things

better, faster, more efficiently than with what has

been done before (Weiner, 1985). The sense of

achievement motivation is defined as an attempt to

succeed or to succeed in the competition with a

measure of excellence may be the achievements of

others and someone’s own achievements (Mc

Clelland 1987).

Or motivation of achievement as an

encouragement that there is someone in connection

with the achievement, that is controlled, manipulated

and set the social environment as well as physically,

to overcome all obstacles and maintain the high

quality work, competing with efforts to exceed the

work of the past, as well as surpass the results

additional work (Lindgren 1986). Because of

achievement motivation as an encouragement to

excellence than the standard itself as well as others

(Rabideau 2005). Based on this opinion, it can be the

formula that achievement motivation is the impulse

that arises from within the individual in relation to the

expectation that the action taken is a tool to achieve

good results, compete and surpass others,

In line with the above opinion, achievement

motivation is the desire to get things done to achieve

a standard of success and to make an effort in order

to achieve success. So the achievement is the way a

person's motivation to strive well to his achievements

(Gagné, 2005). Because of achievement motivation

can be regarded as a predictor of important

psychological success or failure in the future (Sabina

Kołodziej 2010).

So the person who is high is a person who has a

high motivation and ultimately led to high

achievement anyway. Since the motivation pushes the

mental toughness to be a better athlete because of

mental toughness is a set of values, attitudes,

behaviors and emotions that make the athlete is able

to survive and through a variety of obstacles, hardship

or distress experienced (mental toughness). One of

the factors that affect mental toughness is self-

efficacy. Self-efficacy is the ability of self-confidence

that can be obtained (Diseth, 2011), modified,

upgraded or downgraded, one of them with verbal

persuasion from others. Verbal persuasion of coach is

an effective technique to increase the confidence of

athletes in its capacity (Morris 2004). Interpersonal

communication includes a persuasion.

Interpersonal communication plays for each

change and develop through interaction in

communicating, the parties involved in the

communication can be mutually inspire, passion and

drive to change the thoughts, feelings and attitudes

according to the topics discussed together. Various

studies on mental toughness mentality of using the

term to describe a set of psychological attributes

superior athlete (Jones et al, 2007; Gucciardi, et al.,

2008).

This happens because the mental toughness is the

construct of psychological integral to performance

excellence an athlete. Performance excellence

achieved by athletes in a variety of special level elite

category, is the result of the development process

toughness long mental athletes involves a variety of

factors, one of them is the coach (Hanton, and

Connaughton, 2002) because the coach-athlete

relationship in the process, training a positive

contribution to the successful development of

psychological and physical potential of athletes

(Jowett and Cockerill Lyle in 2002). The term mental

toughness is a term used by athletes, coaches and the

media to describe the psychological characteristics

superior athlete who consistently displayed during

training or competition.

In the literature research, mental toughness often

associated with top-level performance. Because the

development of the Mental Toughness (MT) is an

important consideration when trying to improve and

maintain a high level of performance or maintain the

achievements in the world of sports, mental

toughness is very important in achieving that goal. .

Mental toughness is important to study because it can

influence the performance of athletes because the

higher the athlete's mental toughness will affect the

athlete's performance level (Golby and Sheard 2003).

Likewise, the higher the level the match lived

impact on increasing the athlete's mental toughness.

After seeing the above explanation when seen in the

world of coaching the sport that mental toughness and

achievement motivation of athletes is closely

associated with interpersonal communication because

that affects 2 it is how effective interpersonal

communication is used, especially in the martial arts,

because in the implementation of training and

matches in martial arts because it is filled with

pressure, martial arts sport is a sport which is actually

included in a sport that has a high prestige that make

claims victory in every competition is mandatory. So

not only from the pressure of the audience or the

opponent, but the pressure will be fears within

themselves was fairly large enough in facing the

game. Therefore the role of coaches and fellow

athletes here in interpersonal communication is

important to convey the spirit, motivation or support

in pushing force to keep the athlete's own mental

toughness.

Effectiveness of Communication Interpersonal Relations with Achievement Motivation and Mental Toughness

101

2 METHODS

2.1 Participants, Instruments, Data

Analysis

Techniques samples used in this study is sampling

saturated with the number of 44 athletes on the team

PPLP West Java with the method used is a method of

surveying which consists of three variables, namely

the independent variable, the dependent variable and

variable intervening or mediating. The independent

variable in this study is the interpersonal

communication, variable intervening is the drive to

achieve, and the dependent variable is mental

toughness. The instrument used in this study using

mental toughness scale, the scale of interpersonal

communication effectiveness and scale of

achievement motivation that have been tested for

reliability and validity. To determine whether the

presence or absence of a relationship that affects

directly between the independent variables on the

intervening variables and intervening variables on the

dependent variable, and the indirect influence of the

independent variables on the dependent variable

through the intervening variables, test path analysis

(path analysis) using SPSS 20.0 with strategy step

causal and product of coefficient. Strategy Step

causal to determine relationships directly affect the

value of the F-test and t-test. To determine the

significance of the indirect effect, strategy used

product of the coefficient to see the value of z.

3 RESULTS

3.1 Effectiveness Analysis of

Relationship between Motivations

Interpersonal Communication with

Achievement

Table 1: Contributions effectiveness interpersonal

communication affect achievement motivation.

Model

Square

Adjusted

R Square

Std.

Error of

the

Estimate

.355

.126

.105

5127

a. Predictors: (Constant), Interpersonal

Communication

KD value obtained was 12.6%, which can be

interpreted to mean that interpersonal communication

has contributed as much as 12.6% against 87.4%

achievement motivation and more influenced by

other factors beyond the interpersonal

communication. While the value of R indicates the

correlation value obtained was 0.355, meaning that

the relationship between interpersonal

communication and achievement motivation included

in the low category.

Table 2: FTest results on achievement motivation

interpersonal communication.

Model

Sun of

squares

Mean

square

Sig.

Regres

sion

158,781,018

6,040

158,

781

Residual

1104,196

26 290

total

1262.977

a. Dependent Variable: Achievement Motivation

3.2 Analysis of Relationship between

Interpersonal Communication

Effectiveness with Motivation

Value can be interpreted that the relationship

effectiveness of interpersonal communication on

mental toughness through achievement motivation of

athletes in the strong category. R Square or the

coefficient of determination (KD) is 47.7%, which

can be interpreted to mean that the effectiveness of

communication interpersonal have contributed 47.7%

to the mental toughness through achievement

motivation of athletes and 52.3% by other factors.

Table 3: Test results F interpersonal communication,

achievement motivation on mental toughness.

Model

Sum of

Squares

Mean

Square

Sig.

Regression

1519,787

18,682

.000

3039,

575

Residual

3335.425

81 352

Total

6375.000

a.Dependent Variable: Mental Toughness

b.Predictors: (Constant), Achievement Motivation, Interpersonal

Communication.

Based on Table 5 known value of F-test (18.682),

with df (N1) = 1 and (N2) (44-1-1) = = 42 F-table

values obtained are 4.07. Thus the F-count value

(18.682)> F-table (4.07), which means that H0 is

rejected, it can be concluded that there is a

relationship of interpersonal communication

effectiveness and achievement motivation and mental

toughness athletes simultaneously.

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education

102

Table 4: Results path analysis interpersonal communication

effectiveness, motivation achievement against mental

toughness.

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig

Std.

Error

Beta

(Constant)

-8 794

549

.37

.71

Communicati

Interpersona

.191

.316.01

2,6

.49

Based on table 5 partially known relationship of

interpersonal communication effectiveness by

looking at the value t count (2618)> t table (2,012)

and sig.

Results of this study was obtained coefficients a

(0.35) and the coefficients b (0.51) is significant,

which means that the effectiveness of interpersonal

communication discount affecting relations

achievement motivation and achievement motivation

relationships affect mental toughness athlete means

of communication will provide a higher impact if

through achievement motivation. This shows that the

model of mediation (intervening variables). The value

of the coefficient c '(direct effect = 0.32) were

statistically significant, meaning that there is the

effectiveness of interpersonal communication that

affects the mental toughness when controlled athlete

achievement motivation. This suggests that mediation

happens is partial mediation (partial mediation).

Based on the results of direct and indirect

relationships, the value of the coefficient c 'and ab is

positive (having the same sign), it can be said that the

mediation model in this study is consistent and

positive effect. In addition to strategy, step causal the

to further determine the significance of the indirect

influence the effectiveness of interpersonal

communication on mental toughness.

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 The Relationship between the

Effectiveness of Interpersonal

Communication and Achievement

Motivation

Results showed that there is a relationship between

the effectiveness of interpersonal communication and

achievement motivation of athletes. With the results

obtained that the effectiveness of interpersonal

communication have contributed 12.6% to the

achievement motivation of athletes and 87.4% are

influenced by other factors beyond the interpersonal

communication. While the R value obtained was

0.355, this shows that the relationship between the

effectiveness of interpersonal communication in the

low category, meaning that when the effectiveness of

interpersonal communication that is worth being

done, then the value of any motivation

underachievement in the medium category. That is

because there are other factors which contribute to the

attainment of motivation to perform well.

Thus it can be interpreted that the motivation of

achievement an athlete can change if the stimulus in

the form of interpersonal communication between

coaches with athletes and athletes with athletes

associated formation of character and mental athletes

to be ready to compete. Because the level of

achievement motive caused influence on whether or

achievements. Achievement motivation every athlete

is different, however, when there is a stimulus that is

positive from the coach, it would assumptions are

positive even change behaviors that indicate an

increase in achievement motivation for achievement

motivation can be regarded as a predictor of

important psychological success or failure in the

future (Sabina Kołodziej 2010).

4.2 The Relationship between

Interpersonal Communication

Effectiveness with Mental

Toughness

Based on the results obtained by the correlation

between the effectiveness of interpersonal

communication with the mental toughness is R =

0.316, meaning that there is a relationship between

the effectiveness of interpersonal communication that

affects mental toughness. This correlation value is

interpreted in the low category. Therefore, there is a

direct relationship between interpersonal

communications on mental toughness with low value

category. You could say the need for mediation that

interconnects both as said influential factor in mental

fortitude.

The mediation is the encouragement of

achievement motivation is transmitted through a

communication, mediation was necessary because as

a benchmark or as a companion of the objectives that

have been planned, in this research achievement

motivation serve as a mediating variable to measure

how strong the relationship between interpersonal

communication with mental toughness, because

obviously described above if the athlete has a good

Effectiveness of Communication Interpersonal Relations with Achievement Motivation and Mental Toughness

103

mental toughness they would have doubled

achievement motivation.

The relationship between the effectiveness of

interpersonal communication and achievement

motivation and mental toughness results showed that

there is a relationship between the effectiveness

indirectly interpersonal communications on mental

toughness, through the mediation of achievement

motivation athletes. As for the correlation is 0.512,

meaning indirect relationship between interpersonal

communication on motivation excel in the strong

category.

Based on the results of path analysis (path

analysis) using strategy causal step obtained

coefficient c '(direct effect = 0.316) were statistically

significant, while the coefficients a and b significant,

meaning that there is a model of mediation between

these variables. This suggests that mediation happens

is partial mediation (partial mediation).In addition the

results of direct and indirect relationships, the value

of the coefficient c 'and ab is positive (having the

same sign), it can be said that the mediation model in

this study is consistent and positive effect. The results

of the study with strategy the product of the

coefficient obtained value of z (1.65) <z absolute

(1.96) so that there is no significant indirect influence

on the effectiveness of interpersonal communication

on mental toughness athletes. In other words, the

effectiveness of interpersonal communication affects

the mental toughness of athletes, but athletes need

their achievement motivation. This research shows

that when the athlete achievement motivation as a

mediator partially regressed to the effectiveness of

interpersonal communication on mental toughness

athlete, was able to answer their indirect influence

consistently and positively.

When an athlete has a mental toughness athletes

obtained from the exercise, the tendency of attitudes

and behaviors will change as good or in bad what is

learned. But not forever these trends prevail, because

there are other factors beyond the athlete's level of

mental toughness that may be the cause. There are

times when a person who has a certain mental

toughness, and good interpersonal communication is

established, it does not mean they do not know what

to do, but rather to form a belief about what they do

as a choice or their expectations.

The effectiveness of interpersonal communication

does not just affect the mental toughness of athletes

in a positive way, it could be the opposite, because

individuals tend to give value on his ability alone.

Here can happen no direct influence on the

effectiveness of interpersonal communication on

mental toughness athletes. Therefore, achievement

motivation acts as a mediator between the two, when

the effectiveness of interpersonal communication are

good, will support the athlete's level of achievement

motivation, then the mental toughness will be higher.

Because the things that must be considered in

mental toughness suggested four issues of mental

toughness needs to be realized by the coach and the

athlete are: 1) To improve mental toughness, one

must increase awareness of themselves, 2) Improve

mental toughness, one must combine psychological

skills along with physical and tactical skills, 3) To

improve mental toughness, one should remain

positive, 4) increase mental acuity. (MS Omar-

Fauzee, Wipoj Chansem, Raweewat Rattanakoses

Mohamad Nizam Nazaruddin, Vincent Parnabas,

Mohd Hafiz Rosli, 2013) why the four problem might

be addressed because it allows you to solve problems

that are generally better than the opponent a lot like

(the demands of competition, training, and lifestyle)

that sport where the players, and in particular, more

consistent and better than his opponent, focus,

confidence, and control when under pressure.

(Hanton, 2002).

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the analysis and findings in this study be

concluded as follows:

 Interpersonal communication significantly

affects achievement motivation athletes. But the

results of these relationships are included in the

low category.

 There is a relationship between the effectiveness

of interpersonal communication with athlete’s

mental toughness. This relationship is included

in the low category, meaning that the

effectiveness of interpersonal communication

significantly affect the athlete's mental

toughness

 There is a relationship between interpersonal

communication effectiveness with mental

toughness and achievement motivation of

athletes. The relationship between mental

toughness and achievement motivation of

athletes are included in the medium category.

Athlete achievement motivation acts as an

intervening variable. Mediation happening is a

partial mediation (partial mediation) and a

mediation model in this study is consistent and

positive. In other words, the effectiveness of

interpersonal communication affects the mental

toughness of athletes, but athletes need their

achievement motivation in advance, which

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education

104

means that communication will provide a higher

impact of achievement motivation. This shows

the model of mediation (intervening variables).

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