EVALUATION OF TRACTION POWER CONSUMPTION
CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
And its Basic Components
Jindrich Sadil, Zuzana Belinova, Vaclav Vodrazka, Jindrich Krasa, Jakub Rajnoch, Petr Bouchner
Department of Control and Telematics,Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Trasnsportation Sciences,
Konviktska 20, Prague 1, Czech Republic
Keywords: Traction, Systems Control,
Telematics.
Abstract: Our work should help to the higher effectiveness of traction power consumption. The traction power for
railwa
y comes from the regional distribution companies of the electric energy in the Czech Republic. The
aim is to make cost connected with given criteria of power consumption lower. For example in the Czech
Republic it is a cost connected with breach of conditions given by the “Price Decision of the Czech
Energetic Regulation Office (ERU) no. 10/2004”. But the scale of our work should be much larger, because
each state has its specific conditions of power consumption and the work can solve universal case. It could
be done by means of the system, which would use the new knowledge of informatics, telematics and system
engineering. This paper discusses the state at this time at this field nowadays and possible application in the
territory of ex-district North Moravia and Silesia, which is a part of the Czech Republic. This area is an
integrated part of the country, which electricity is separately accounted for.
1 INTRODUCTION
Power supply of the Czech Railway, joint stock
company (CD) represents a complicated system,
which has functioned since the half of the 20-th
century. Devices of electric traction supply system
must fulfil legislative enactments of the railway law
and energetic law through its construction and
function, satisfy a request of international transport
(interoperability) and satisfy a request of cost
minimization as well. All these requests are often
antagonistic and it is necessary to do several
compromises (Matejka, 2004).
The process of current railway corridor
m
odernisation has been connected especially with
reconstruction of the tracks of international
importance. The reconstructions of the tracks partly
contained the traction supply stations (TNS) as well
and they enabled to replace technically old devices
through the modern components. Furthermore they
enabled to adapt points of supply, so that they satisfy
new energetic requirements based on new energetic
calculations. Finally, they enabled to apply
electronics for measuring, control and information
transfer in much larger scale (Matejka, 2004).
2 RESERVED CAPACITY OF
POWER LINE
Traction rectifier stations, traction supply stations of
the 3 kV DC system, are connected to the electric
line of any distribution company with different
voltage levels. These are either the voltage level HV
(high voltage) 6, 10, 22 or 35 kV, or the voltage
level EHV (extra high voltage) 110, 220 or 400 kV.
It is necessary to follow actual price decision of
ER
U no. 10/2004, which defines prices of electricity
and connected services (Czech Energetic Regulation
Office Price Decision, 2004). Price decision
mentions among other thinks also the price for
reserved capacity. The reserved capacity (in the past
also “quarter an hour maximum”) is the maximum
value of quarter an hour electric power, which can
the consumer consume in one supply point from
devices of operator of the distribution network. If the
supply point is connected from more voltage levels,
then the prices for reserved capacity are enforced
individual for every voltage level. The price for
reserved capacity for consumption from regional
distribution network is enforced to calendar year
with a fixed month price for year reserved capacity
328
Sadil J., Belinova Z., Vodrazka V., Krasa J., Rajnoch J. and Bouchner P. (2005).
EVALUATION OF TRACTION POWER CONSUMPTION CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC - And its Basic Components.
In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics - Signal Processing, Systems Modeling and
Control, pages 328-331
DOI: 10.5220/0001158503280331
Copyright
c
SciTePress
Table 1: Prices for reserved capacity of power line (Czech Energetic Regulation Office Price Decision, 2004)
or to calendar month with a fixed month price for
month reserved capacity. It is possible to combine
the month price for year reserved capacity with
month price for month reserved capacity for given
calendar year. The price for reserved capacity is
given for each operator of regional distribution
system. For the territory of SME it is seen in Table 1
on the top of this page.
The prices in SME territory rose in one year
about 17 percent (Czech Energetic Regulation
Office Price Decision, 2003) (Czech Energetic
Regulation Office Price Decision, 2004). The price
for reserved capacity overload in each calendar
month is equal to ten times amount of fixed month
price for year reserved capacity, based on each kW
of the highest overload of contracted maximal value
of quarter an hour electric power.
3 TRACTION POWER
CONSUMPTION CONTROL
SYSTEM IN NORTH MORAVIA
Czech Railway concludes traction power
consumption contracts with regional distribution
companies by means of Railway Power Engineering
Management (SZE), coming subsidiary company of
CD. There is defined the reserved capacity of
electric line in these contracts. The reserved capacity
is the value of maximal consumed power [kW],
consumer (CD) guaranties to consume. It is
measured in points of supply through 15 minutes
work [kWh].
In SME region the 3 kV DC system for traction
is used. Altogether 16 supply stations are used in
this region. 7 ones are connected to EHV level and 9
ones are connected to HV level. It is crucial for
conclusion of reserved capacity and for penalty
paying for breach of concluded value, to which
voltage level is the supply station connected. SZE
concludes reserved capacity for the whole voltage
level together, not for each supply station
individually. At the same time, network of the
supply station is so distributed, that often supply
stations of different voltage levels neighbor on each
other.
Concluded reserved capacity overrun takes place
on the part of CD in the real traffic, nowadays. This
fact is back-found out, because the recovered energy
measuring runs. Our work should develop a system,
which would measure the recovered power in the all
supply stations more often (for example each
minute) and which would add the power values of
the all supply stations of appropriated voltage level.
The system would find out in time, that in
appropriate quarter of an hour comes to concluded
reserved capacity overrun (for given voltage level)
and it would send a command to a switch switch-off
of some supply station of that voltage level, in that it
comes to limit overrun. This supply station excess
would cover the neighboring supply stations of the
different voltage level.
3.1 Data analysis
Present work has concentrated to discussions with
SZE. The result is data for SME-region for the year
2003 sent to me (the first author). The data
contained recovered work power of the all 16 supply
stations of the North Moravia each 15 minutes in the
year. It was mentioned the concluded reserved
capacity for the year 2004 for each voltage level in
SME region as well.
After data processing I found out, that if the
electricity consumptions in 2004 were equal to the in
2003 ones, then would be paid a sum of 2.500.000,-
CZK (82.318,-EUR) in North Moravia region in
2004. In the next year 2005 about 17 % more,
because of reserved capacity price increase. In these
values can be the cost saving (only in SME region)
expected, after concluded values overrun reduction
system implementation.
Furthermore, I found out, that overrun of the
concluded values would happen only 16 times,
namely in 5 days. It would suffice just 16 actions
yearly. Additionally, by checking all of the 16
overruns, there was only the value of one voltage
level above the limit, while the other voltage level
value was deep under the limit (see Fig. 1 and 2).
Supply stations are well distributed, so that the
supply stations of one voltage level can substitute
the supply station of other voltage level (see Fig. 3).
EVALUATION OF TRACTION POWER CONSUMPTION CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC - And its
Basic Components
329
Figure 1: Example of power consumption during a day in
SME region in HV and EHV voltage level
Figure 2: Example of power consumption during a day in
3 different North Moravia supply stations
Figure 3: Traction supply stations in North Moravia region and their voltage levels, they are connected to
3.2 Control system improvement
Taking the facts mentioned above into account it is
possible to consider intelligent control system
application. This system would collect data in real
time at first. It would send them to the control
centre. The control centre would process the data. If
there would be a reasonable suspicion to overrun the
reserved capacity limit, the control centre would
send a command back to one or more supply stations
of appropriate voltage level to switch off its switch.
In the beginning of the next quarter an hour it would
send a command to these supply stations to switch
on again. The system is outlined on the Fig. 4.
3.3 Data collection
Data collection is not complicated in modernized
supply stations. The value gained from measuring
devices is digitalized and transferred to data sender.
This functions already at this time.
3.4 Data transmission
Important part of the problem is to provide data
transmission from the supply stations to the centre,
which would be fast and reliable enough. The supply
stations distance from the centre is usually less than
fifty kilometre but we must take into account the
distance up to 150 km. The aim is to find out the
solution, which would be possible to apply in a fast,
ICINCO 2005 - SIGNAL PROCESSING, SYSTEMS MODELING AND CONTROL
330
easy and cheap way. Wireless technologies are
suitable, as they don’t require large infrastructure
building.
Currently the data transmission is realized via
GPRS - involving overlaying a packet based air
interface on the existing circuit switched GSM
network. The advantage in using GSM is the fact
that it is a global, unified system with large signal
coverage. In the future, it would be possible to use
GSM specially developed for the railway
applications: GSM-R.
GSM-R mobile radio has been standardized in a
process involving the UIC (International Union of
Railways), ETSI (European Telecommunications
Standards Institute) and other bodies (GSM-R
website). It is operating on the frequencies 876 - 880
MHz and 921 - 925 MHz. It is part of the ERTMS
(European Traffic Management System).
Main services, offered by GSM-R system, are
the same as in the public networks. Unlike the public
networks, where the services are for all the users
provided with the same priority, the GSM-R system
is based on in advance defined priorities for various
user groups. The availability, quality and security of
the connection are stressed.
The data could be send into the centre with pre-
defined priority either directly via GSM-R (the data
amount is very low) or via GPRS over GSM-R. In
case of need (exceeding the reserved capacity) the
centre would send the command to switch over to
another supply station with high priority.
The implementation of the GSM-R in the Czech
Republic has started in January 2005 by building-up
first antenna masts (David, 2005). The whole pilot
project should be completed in July 2005. In the first
phase of the project several lines from the German
border to Prague and to other locations, including
international corridors, are planned and ready for
implementation.
Until this time, regarding the great distances and
small amount of data, GPRS remains the most
convenient mean of transmission and it is also for
data sending currently used.
The economical convenience of GPRS
technology results from its ability to keep track of
the amount of transmitted data and thus tariff-charge
the user. A great advantage of the GPRS technology
rests in the permanent access to the data channel
even if data is not being transmitted.
3.5 Control centre
The control centre could be very easy. The only one
requirement for the control centre is to add all the
values of appropriate voltage level, extrapolate the
value during couple of minutes to whole 15 minutes
and decide if it is not going to overrun. If so, then
send a command to switch off.
4 CONCLUSION
We will still attend to developing of traction power
consumption control system. We will try to put
particular components of the system together and to
realise a pilot operation of this system.
The informatics and telematics for railway
traction is just in the beginning in the Czech
Republic. Relative quick applications developing,
using modern knowledge of these fields with the aim
of cost reduction is expected.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Project is realised with a finance support of state
means by means of Czech Science Foundation (GA CR)
under project registration no. 102/05/H517.
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Basic Components
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